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Pharmacy Applied Development Skills (PADS): Citing Your Sources

Why Cite?

Maintaining academic integrity by avoiding plagiarism is the most recognized reason for citing your sources well and correctly.  For more information see the Library's complete plagiarism guide linked below.

"Academic integrity" includes:

  • Providing evidence and/or support for your ideas.
  • Giving credit to other scholarly work.
  • Offering a "trail" for readers to follow.

Citing correctly requires selecting a particular formatting style for your bibliography (and in-text citations). 

There are two common styles used in medical writing and publishing: Vancouver style and AMA style. 

 

Citing Sources: AMA Style

AMA (American Medical Association ) Manual of Style, 10th ed. (available electronically)

AMA Manual

AMA Manual of Style - AMA website. (Also see: AMA FAQs).
Quick Reference Guide - from Samford University.

Citation Machine - interactive web tool designed to assist students in their effort to respect other people's intellectual properties.
**Look up journals in PubMed/NCBI to find their abbreviations**

 

Citing Sources: Vancouver Style

Vancouver is a numbered referencing style commonly used in medicine and biological science, and consists of:

  • citations to someone else's work in the text, indicated by the use of a number

  • a sequentially numbered reference list at the end of the document providing full details of the corresponding in-text reference

The Vancouver Style is formally known as Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (ICMJE Recommendations), and is gets its informal name from being developed in Vancouver, BC, Canada in 1978 by a committee of editors of medical journals. Well over 1,000 medical journals (including ICMJE members BMJ, CMAJ, JAMA & NEJM) use this style. Vancouver Style follows rules established by the International committee of Medical Journal Editors, now maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine. It is also known as Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals.

There is no official manual of the Vancouver style, but the US National Library of Medicine's style guide is now considered the most authoritative manual on this type of referencing.

Introduction to the Vancouver Style
http://guides.lib.monash.edu/citing-referencing/vancouver

​Citing Medicine, The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 2nd ed.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7256/

Vancouver Style (Uniform Requirements) References 
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html

Staff LADR